Glaucon isn’t convinced because of the objections in the earlier discussion (357a)
b. Book II
The guy divides good things for the three classes: some thing an effective in themselves, things a good both in by themselves and for the outcomes, and you can things an effective simply for their consequences (357b-d). Socrates cities fairness regarding the category of anything a great in themselves and their effects.
Glaucon renews Thrasymachus’ disagreement in order to complications Socrates to protect fairness because of the in itself without any consideration out-of what arises from it (358b ff.). Glaucon gives a speech shielding injustice: (i) justice develop since a compromise anywhere between weakened people who are afraid one to suffering injustice try tough than just doing it (358e-359a); (ii) someone work justly since this is necessary and you may unavoidable, very justice is good just for the outcomes (tale of one’s ring of Gyges’ predecessor, 359c-360d); (iii) the unfair people to your reputation for fairness is actually happy than simply the only person on the history of injustice (360d-362c).
Adeimantus increases Glaucon’s coverage regarding injustice and attack toward fairness from the asserting: the newest history of justice is preferable to justice alone, therefore the unfair individual that might possibly hold the profile to be just might possibly be delighted compared to the merely individual; dialogue of numerous ways that the unjust can buy brand new reputation getting justice (362d-366d).
Socrates try requested to guard fairness for in itself, maybe not on the reputation permits having (367b). He proposes to find justice in town very first and you may then to help you go ahead from the analogy to find justice included (368c-369a). This method will allow for a clearer view into the concern off whether the merely body is pleased than the unfair person. Socrates begins from the sharing new sources out of political lifestyle and you may constructs a sole town inside the address you to definitely touches migliori app incontri barba only first people necessities (369b-372c). Socrates contends one people go into governmental lifetime because the are all perhaps not self-sufficient by nature. Each individual features particular pure results (370a) and you can undertaking only the single occupations a person is however fitted to, is the most effective way to generally meet the needs of all the the fresh customers (370c). Glaucon things one Socrates’ town is just too simple and phone calls they “a community regarding pigs” (372d). Socrates describes a district which enables to own privileges (“a good feverish urban area,” 372e-373e). Socrates points out the lavish urban area requires an armed forces to protect the metropolis (373e). Brand new army was composed of elite soldiers, the latest guardians, just who, like pets, need to be comfortable so you’re able to fellow residents and you can severe so you can opposition (375c). The new guardians need to be experienced very carefully trying to-do their job regarding protecting the city’s people, laws and regulations, and you can traditions better (376d). Poetry and you will stories need to be censored to make sure including an enthusiastic degree (377b). Poetry is always to: (i) establish the fresh new gods nearly as good and only once the causes of a great (379a); (ii) because the unchanging in shape (380d); (iii) as beings whom avoid lays and you can deception (381e).
c. Guide III
Socrates continues the new political tips of the censorship out-of poetry: (iv) brand new underworld really should not be depicted since a bad set so that guardians will never be also afraid of demise (386b); (v) the fresh heroes and you may gods should not be presented lamenting in order that the latest guardians could form courage (387e); (vi) poetry is always to end individuals from chuckling violently (388e); (vii) poetry should render the fresh new guardian’s sense of information-telling but with the brand new determination in order to rest when this is conducive with the a of your area (389b); (viii) it has to bring self-punishment and obedience (389c-d); (ix) it should maybe not include reports one donate to avarice (390d); (x) it should maybe not is reports you to definitely sign up for hubris otherwise impiety (391a). Socrates moves on to go over the way where reports should be told (392d). He splits instance ways on the effortless narration (into the 3rd person) and you can imitative narration (for the very first person, 392d). To save the fresh guardians carrying out just their job, Socrates argues that the guardians may replicate simply what is actually suitable for it (394e-395d). The fresh new just area would be to enable it to be merely modes and you can rhythms that fit the message from poetry welcome regarding just urban area (398b-399c). Socrates shows you how good artwork can lead to the synthesis of a good profile and make some one likely to realize their need (400e-402c). Socrates turns towards physical studies of the guardians and you can says so it includes real degree you to prepares him or her for combat, a careful diet, and patterns you to definitely contribute to the new cures off doctors (403c-405b). Physical knowledge is going to be aiimed at work for the fresh new spirit unlike the body, once the system necessarily positives when the spirit is in an excellent great condition, while the new heart does not always work for if body is in the good position (410b-c).
